Module 2 · NEET Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodic table, chemical bonding, coordination compounds, s/p/d/f blocks.

Periodic Table · Coordination · s-block · p-block · d-block · f-block

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Learning Objectives

Understand the fundamental concepts of Inorganic Chemistry
Apply key formulas and techniques to solve problems
Practice with exam-level questions to build speed and accuracy

Key Concepts

What is Inorganic Chemistry?

Inorganic chemistry deals with the properties and reactions of elements and their compounds, excluding organic hydrocarbons. For NEET, key topics include periodic table trends, chemical bonding, coordination compounds, s-block and p-block elements, d-block and f-block elements, and metallurgy. Memorization of periodic trends and properties is essential for success.

Key Concepts

Periodic Trends: Atomic radius decreases across a period (left to right) and increases down a group. Ionization energy increases across a period and decreases down a group. Electronegativity increases across a period and decreases down a group. Chemical Bonding: Ionic bond (complete transfer), covalent bond (sharing), coordinate bond (one-sided sharing). VSEPR theory predicts molecular shapes. Hybridization: sp (linear), sp² (trigonal planar), sp³ (tetrahedral), sp³d (trigonal bipyramidal), sp³d² (octahedral). Coordination Compounds: Werner's theory, ligand types, IUPAC naming, and crystal field theory.

Solved Examples

Example 1

Which of the following has the highest ionization energy?

a) Na b) Mg c) Al d) Si

Solution: Ionization energy generally increases across a period. Among Na (Group 1), Mg (Group 2), Al (Group 13), and Si (Group 14), Si is furthest to the right and has the highest effective nuclear charge, thus highest ionization energy. However, Mg has a higher IE than Al due to the stable 3s² configuration. So Mg has highest ionization energy. Hence option (b) is correct.

Example 2

What is the hybridization of the central atom in SF₆?

a) sp³ b) sp³d c) sp³d² d) sp²

Solution: SF₆ has sulfur as the central atom with 6 fluorine atoms bonded to it and no lone pairs. Total electron pairs = 6. The hybridization is sp³d², giving an octahedral geometry. Hence option (c) is correct.

Example 3

What is the oxidation state of Fe in K₄[Fe(CN)₆]?

a) +2 b) +3 c) +4 d) +6

Solution: K₄[Fe(CN)₆] dissociates into 4K⁺ and [Fe(CN)₆]^4-. Each CN has -1 charge. Let x be oxidation state of Fe. x + 6(-1) = -4, so x - 6 = -4, x = +2. Hence option (a) is correct.

Shortcut Techniques

For identifying paramagnetic species, check for unpaired electrons: if all electrons are paired, the species is diamagnetic.
In VSEPR theory, lone pair-lone pair repulsion > lone pair-bond pair > bond pair-bond pair repulsion.
For comparing bond angles, molecules with more lone pairs have smaller bond angles (e.g., H₂O < NH₃ < CH₄).
For coordination compounds, the coordination number equals the number of ligand atoms directly bonded to the central metal ion.

Pro Tip

For NEET, create mnemonics for the periodic table groups and d-block elements. For example, for the first transition series: Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn (can be remembered as: Science Teacher Vinod Creates Many Fun Chemistry Notes for Class Using Zinc).

Application-Based Learning

Connect concepts to real-world applications: Why sky is blue (Rayleigh scattering), how pressure cookers work, why apples turn brown (oxidation).

Problem-Solving Methodology

1) Identify given data. 2) Recall formulas. 3) Check unit consistency. 4) Solve step-by-step. 5) Verify through estimation.

Pro Tip

Check if your answer is reasonable through order-of-magnitude estimation to catch gross errors.

Application-Based Learning

Connect concepts to real-world applications: Why sky is blue (Rayleigh scattering), how pressure cookers work, why apples turn brown (oxidation).

Problem-Solving Methodology

1) Identify given data. 2) Recall formulas. 3) Check unit consistency. 4) Solve step-by-step. 5) Verify through estimation.

Pro Tip

Check if your answer is reasonable through order-of-magnitude estimation to catch gross errors.

Application-Based Learning

Connect concepts to real-world applications: Why sky is blue (Rayleigh scattering), how pressure cookers work, why apples turn brown (oxidation).

Problem-Solving Methodology

1) Identify given data. 2) Recall formulas. 3) Check unit consistency. 4) Solve step-by-step. 5) Verify through estimation.

Pro Tip

Check if your answer is reasonable through order-of-magnitude estimation to catch gross errors.

Application-Based Learning

Connect concepts to real-world applications: Why sky is blue (Rayleigh scattering), how pressure cookers work, why apples turn brown (oxidation).

Problem-Solving Methodology

1) Identify given data. 2) Recall formulas. 3) Check unit consistency. 4) Solve step-by-step. 5) Verify through estimation.

Pro Tip

Check if your answer is reasonable through order-of-magnitude estimation to catch gross errors.

Practice Questions

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